Gandhism: An Analysis (Vol-1)

In this spiritual travail of a Gandhi and a Lenin in our generation, we can watch the impact of the Western Civilisation upon Hinduism and upon Russian Orthodox Christendom in the act of transformation from an external encounter between the Western Society and its neighbours into an inner experience of a Westernised World. Strive as they will to win a decisive victory for an anti-Western reaction, the Hindu and the Russian zealot of these latter days can only succeed in giving an impetus to the very process of Westernisation against which they are up in arms. The life and energy with which they inspire their anti-Western "holy wars' is actually drawn—and this is the secret of its vigour—from a Western source; and thus, in the crucible of these ardent souls, an anti-Western movement is transmuted into a new manifestation of the spiritual force against which it is directed. ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE